Types of Lighting techniques

Lighting:

There are three main features of lighting:
Quality
This lighting refers to the relative intensity of the illumination. Hard lighting creates clearly defined shadows, crisp textures and sharp edges where as soft lighting creates a diffused illumination, e.g.the sun creates hard light but an overcast.

Direction
this refers to the path of light from its source or source to the object lit. We can distinguish between frontal lighting, side lighting, back lighting, under lighting and top lighting.

Source
Directors manipulating the lighting of the scene typically decide on two primary sources- key light and fill light. The key light is the primary source, providing the brightest illumination and casting the strongest shadow. The key light is the most directional light and it usually suggests by a light source in the setting. A fill light is a less intense illumination the fills in and softens or it eliminates shadows cast by the key light.